2011/04/12

Apoyando el software libre. GIMP vs. Photoshop

Es difícil enseñar trucos nuevos a un perro viejo. En mi caso, llevo tanto años acostumbrado a trabajar con Photoshop que podría trabajar con él con los ojos cerrados y por supuesto sin ratón. Pero el precio de las licencias puede ser realmente salvaje y hacer desistir a más de uno. Por ello, vamos a ver cómo configurar la mejor alternativa de edición de imágenes de código abierto para que funcione como el Photoshop... al menos a nivel de interfaz y teclas aceleradoras, que al fin y al cabo, es como trabajamos porque aunque seguramente el Photoshop nos de más calidad en ciertas circunstancias, si no nos dedicamos al tratamiento profesional de fotografías, dudo que vaya a haber una diferencia abismal entre un programa y otro.

El primer paso es descargar el GIMP. Ahora bien, el truco es usar la última versión de desarrollo que a fecha de hoy es la 2.7.1 debido a que ésta es la primera que permite el entorno de usuario en ventana única sin, lo que para mí, es lo que ha sido la principal característica que me ha echado para atrás de usar el GIMP, que es la multiventana. De todas maneras, no temáis, que la instalación también tiene el idioma de Cervantes.
http://www.gimpusers.com/downloads
Al instalar, no os olvidéis de seleccionar la opción de instalación "customize" para poder instalar la compatibilidad con el formato .psd de photoshop y .gif, .png, etc.

Para la última versión de desarrollo (la 2.7.2) una vez instalado, descargar y seguir las instrucciones de http://www.partha.com/ para el binario de windows (en este hilo se habla con más detalle). Y la razón para tirar por esta versión es porque en la 2.7.1, la herramienta de texto no funciona.

Para instalarlo, hay que descomprimir el zip (yo lo he hecho encima de la instalación de la 2.7.1) en "C:\Archivos de programa\GIMP 2.7\"

Una vez descomprimido, hay que modificar la variable de entorno del PATH para añadir la ruta al bin "C:\Archivos de programa\GIMP 2.7\bin;".

Al arrancarlo, os aparecerá el entorno clásico multi-ventana. Para ponerlo en modo single window, os váis al menú de "ventanas" y dentro activáis el "single window mode" o modo de ventana única. La pega es que parece que hay que hacerlo cada vez que arranque el programa, pero es un mal menor.

Ahora, tenemos que coger la configuración de teclas. En este caso, la configuración más moderna que he visto es para la 2.2, pero no creo que sea problemático.
http://fotux.es/como-usar-los-atajos-del-teclado-de-photoshop-en-gimp/
Ahora, lo que hay que hacer el substituir el contenido del fichero menurc dentro de "C:\Documents and Settings\<usuario>\.gimp-2.7\menurc" por lo siguiente. Lo pongo porque considero que enseñar a pescar es mejor que dar los peces, así, viendo cómo está hecho, cada uno puede configurárselo a su gusto.
; This file installs keyboard shortcuts from Photoshop 6 in GIMP 2.2.
;
; Rename it to 'menurc' and place it into your personal GIMP directory:
; ~/.gimp-2.2 folder (Linux) or C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\.gimp-2.2
; folder (Windows).
;
; There is a web-page describing these keybindings at
; http://epierce.freeshell.org/gimp/gimp_ps.php
;
; Teclas que faltan definidas JR
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-out" "<Control>KP_Subtract")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-in-accel" "<Control>KP_Add")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-fit-to" "<Control>0")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-cage" "<Shift>k")
; Teclas originales
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-show-selection" "<Control>h")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-resize-to-image" "<Alt>y")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-merge-layers" "<Shift><Control>e")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-in" "<Control>equal")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-clone" "s")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-ellipse-select" "<Shift>m")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-show-grid" "<Control><Alt>apostrophe")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-select-last" "greater")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-alpha-selection-replace" "<Alt>a")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-layers" "F7")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-brushes" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-info-window" "F8")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-duplicate" "<Control>j")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-channels" "<Shift>F7")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-preserve-transparency" "slash")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-preferences" "<Control>k")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/tiny_fu_refresh" "<Shift><Control><Alt>t")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-out" "<Control>minus")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-named-copy" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-named-paste" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-gradients" "<Shift><Control>g")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-select-first" "less")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-vector" "p")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-scale" "<Control>t")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-paintbrush" "b")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-paste-into" "<Shift><Control>v")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-airbrush" "j")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-colors" "F6")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-new" "<Shift><Control>n")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-1-1" "<Control><Alt>0")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-rotate-180" "8")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-fill-fg" "<Alt>BackSpace")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-hardness-decrease-skip" "braceleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-blend" "g")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-free-select" "l")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-eraser" "e")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-fit-in" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-navigation-window" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-hardness-increase-skip" "braceright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/select/select-feather" "<Shift><Control>d")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-color-balance" "<Control>b")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/plug_in_c_astretch" "<Shift><Control><Alt>l")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-by-color-select" "<Shift><Control>c")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-select-bottom" "<Alt>braceleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-levels" "<Control>l")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-bucket-fill" "<Shift>g")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-convolve" "r")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-duplicate" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/plug_in_bump_map" "<Shift><Control>m")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-magnify" "z")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-mode-previous" "underscore")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-clear" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/plug_in_iwarp" "<Shift><Control>x")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/select/select-none" "<Control>d")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/file/file-save-a-copy" "<Control><Alt>s")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-tool-options" "F5")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-move" "v")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-show-rulers" "<Control>r")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-curves" "<Control>m")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-measure" "u")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-redo" "<Shift><Control>z")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-scroll-page-down" "Page_Down")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-crop" "c")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-fill-bg" "<Control>BackSpace")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-mode-next" "plus")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-show-menubar" "<Shift>f")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-iscissors" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-flatten" "<Shift>i")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-snap-to-guides" "<Control>semicolon")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-undo-history" "<Shift>F9")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-show-guides" "<Control>apostrophe")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-fill-pattern" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-rotate" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/plug_in_gauss" "<Shift><Control>b")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-select-previous" "<Alt>bracketright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-hue-saturation" "<Control>u")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-rotate-270" "7")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/file_print_gimp" "<Control>p")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-dodge-burn" "o")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-rect-select" "m")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/file/file-open-recent-10" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-zoom-fit-to" "<Control>0")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-scroll-page-up" "Page_Up")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-flip" "f")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/script_fu_refresh" "<Shift><Control><Alt>r")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-scroll-page-right" "<Control>Page_Down")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-convert-indexed" "backslash")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-lower-to-bottom" "<Control>braceleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-mask-add" "<Alt>o")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/image/image-rotate-90" "9")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-vectors" "F9")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-scroll-page-left" "<Control>Page_Up")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-lower" "<Control>bracketleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-raise-to-top" "<Control>braceright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-merge-down" "<Control>e")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-raise" "<Control>bracketright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-anchor" "<Alt>h")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-radius-decrease-skip" "bracketleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/edit/edit-named-cut" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/file/file-revert" "F12")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-smudge" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/drawable/drawable-desaturate" "<Shift><Control>u")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-select-top" "<Alt>braceright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-document-history" "<Shift><Control>h")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-radius-increase-skip" "bracketright")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/select/select-float" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/drawable/drawable-invert" "<Control>i")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-select-previous" "comma")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/context/context-brush-select-next" "period")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/plug-in/plug_in_colortoalpha" "<Shift><Control>a")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/select/select-invert" "<Shift><Control>i")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-fuzzy-select" "w")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/dialogs/dialogs-palettes" "<Shift><Control>l")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/tools/tools-color-picker" "i")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/qmask/qmask-toggle" "q")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/layers/layers-select-next" "<Alt>bracketleft")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/view/view-shrink-wrap" "")

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